The civil war that began in Syria in 2011 not only involved local forces but also attracted regional and global actors to actively participate on the ground. One of these actors was Hezbollah, which intervened in the Syrian conflict on the side of the Assad regime with the support of Iran and Russia. Hezbollah’s involvement, along with the escalating civilian casualties and human rights violations, sparked serious debates and criticism.
Hezbollah’s Intervention in Syria and Its Reasons
Starting in 2012, Hezbollah began to intensify its involvement in Syria. The main reasons behind this intervention were to support the Assad regime and to protect its own existence and regional influence. Acting in line with Iran’s strategic goals, Hezbollah aimed to establish a corridor through the Iran-Syria-Lebanon axis and to strengthen its logistical and military capabilities.
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Violations and Massacres Against Civilians
During the Syrian civil war, Hezbollah, in cooperation with the Assad regime forces, was involved in numerous massacres and violations. Some of the most notable incidents are as follows:
Houla Massacre (May 2012): On May 25, 2012, in Houla, 108 civilians, including 49 children and 34 women, were executed by Hezbollah and Assad regime forces. This incident remains one of the most tragic moments of the war.
Daraya Massacre (August 2012): Between August 20-25, 2012, at least 700 civilians were executed in Daraya by Hezbollah and Assad regime forces. This massacre drew significant international attention to the region.
Qusayr Assault (May-June 2013): In Qusayr, during operations conducted by Hezbollah and Assad regime forces, numerous civilians lost their lives in massacres. Civilians trying to flee the devastated city were targeted, resulting in a great tragedy.
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Husseiniyeh and Diyabieh Massacre (October 2013): In October 2013, Hezbollah and Assad forces conducted operations in the region, killing 130 civilians, most of whom were Palestinians. This massacre left a lasting trauma and fear among Palestinian refugees in the area.
Madaya Siege (2016): During the siege of Madaya by Hezbollah, at least 86 people lost their lives due to starvation. This period saw severe shortages of food and medical supplies, and the international aid appeals were insufficient to alleviate the suffering of civilians.
The Impact and Consequences of the War
Hezbollah’s presence in Syria changed both the military and demographic landscape of the region. The massacres, forced displacements, and oppressive policies against civilians left deep scars on the Syrian people. Hezbollah's role in these violations not only tarnished its regional legitimacy but also stirred deep resentment among a large segment of the Syrian population.
International Reactions and Outcomes
Hezbollah’s activities in Syria resonated widely on the international stage. Many countries and human rights organizations condemned Hezbollah’s human rights violations in Syria. Despite these reactions, Hezbollah continued to maintain its military presence in Syria.
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Conclusion
Hezbollah’s role and violations during the Syrian war worsened the humanitarian situation in the region. The tragedies and human rights abuses suffered by civilians constitute one of the darkest chapters of the Syrian conflict. This situation has affected not only the Syrian people but the entire region.
